Internet Protocol

The Subnet Mask The subnet mask enables separation between network identification bits and host identification bits from an IP address. Class A host 10.2.1.2's IP informs us that it is a member of the 10.0.0.0 network and that the host it refers to is located there. To create the mask, the bits that identify the network and host are set to 1 and 0, respectively. A class A address will thus have the masks 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0, and 255.255.255.0 as subnets. To determine the network address to which the host specified by the provided IP address belongs, network devices conduct an AND between the IP address and the mask. For instance, to verify the routing table and send the datagram through the output interface, a router needs to know to which network the IP address of the destination datagram belongs. It would help if you had direct cables for this. Additionally, the mask can be shown as 10.2.1.2/8, where / 8 = 255.0.0.0 indicates that the mask's eight most significant bits are intended for networks. Both (/ 16 = 255.255.0.0) and (/ 24 = 255.255.255.0) are equivalent. creation of a subnet A network's address space can be partitioned into different autonomous subnets. Uses include when we have to compile all of the workers in a company's department. In this situation, a subnet containing their IP addresses would be created. To accomplish this, you must set the network-subnet bits in the mask to one, which reserves bits from the host field to identify the subnet. In the case of the address 172.16.1.1 with the mask 255.255.255.0, the first two octets identify the network (because it is a class B address), and the third octet identifies the subnet (to the extent of the first bit in the mask). Identify the host by setting the relevant bits in the mask to 0 for the host. Each subnet has two addresses that are set aside for special purposes.

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